Early in the year, amid ongoing US-initiated peace negotiations between the Taliban and the former Afghan government, the Taliban continued to launch regular attacks on Afghan state forces. Over the course of 2021, conflict trends changed dramatically as negotiations gave way to lightning advances by the Taliban. ![]() Meanwhile, armed clashes have also continued - albeit at lower levels - with the emergence of armed resistance against the Taliban and the ongoing Islamic State (IS) insurgency. Ethnic and religious minority groups, women, and members of the former government and security apparatus have faced especially high targeting. While overall levels of political violence fell with the Taliban takeover, violence towards civilians has persisted. ![]() This regime change significantly shifts conflict dynamics in Afghanistan, driving down political violence in the second half of 2021. In August 2021, the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan following nearly two decades of conflict with the United States and the NATO-backed Afghan government.
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